Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri) and Computed Tomography...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography Scan (CT) Modern medical technology allows physicians to capture detailed images of the body for diagnosing and treatment planning of various health issues. Radiologists use imaging technologies to diagnose or treat diseases. Interventional radiology is the performance of medical procedures with the guidance of imaging technologies. Acquisition of medical imaging is usually performed by a radiologic technologist and the results are interpreted by Radiologists, medical doctors that specialize in radiology. While Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography Scan (CT) are useful for diagnosing and treating illnesses, each has their own health risks and benefits.†¦show more content†¦When radiological examination is recommended by a physician, the expected benefit received from the test will outweigh the potential radiation risks involved. MRI uses strong magnetic fields to align atomic nuclei (usually hydrogen protons) within body tissues, then uses a radio signal to dist urb the axis of rotation of these nuclei and observes the radio frequency signal generated as the nuclei return to their baseline states.MRI scans do not expose patients to radiation, but the high force magnetic field used can cause significant problems if proper precautions are not met. Magnetic force used can cause metallic devices or implants to malfunction or be dislocated with the body. Images can be distorted by metal and electronic objects outside the body, due to interfere with the magnetic field of the MRI unit. Over exposure and unnecessary use of these imaging modalities can cause health risk. The expected benefits received from possible early and the ability to evaluate and properly treat diseases outweighs the potential radiation risk. Discuss the risks versus benefits of radiology treatment prior to having a CT or MRI with a physician, and explore whether possible alternative imaging methods may be available to diagnose the condition. Although risks are involved with each type of imaging the most important reason they are useful for diagnosing and treating illnesses is because the detection and treatment of disease and illness can saveShow MoreRelatedImaging Research Paper729 Words   |  3 PagesOther Imaging Methods Hospitals, Doctor offices, and many more use lots of different imaging methods daily to check on different parts of your body. From doing an X-ray to check on your bones, to a CT scan to check on the brain for hemorrhages, tumors, and atrophy. To an MRI is used to image soft tissues of the body like the heart and lungs (Timberlake, Karen p. 340). In this research paper, I will talk about 2 more different imaging methods and come more in depth with X-rays, CT scans, and MRI’sRead MoreOsteoporosis1166 Words   |  5 PagesDiagnostic assessment for osteoporosis includes patient’s history, laboratory tests, and measurements of BMD (Akyol, Alayli, Diren, Cengiz, Canturk, 2008). Imaging techniques utilized in diagnosing osteoporosis are X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography. The two main goals of diagnostic imaging of osteoporosis are identifying the presence of osteoporosis, and quantifying the bone mass using semi-quantitative or quantitative methods (Guglielmi et al., 2011)Read MoreHow has Technology Changed the field of Radiology? Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagescomfortably in the radiology department, has been the major key to this progress†(Gerson 66). The core of radiology’s vast development consists of four diagnostic techniques: computed tomography (CT), digital subtraction angiography (DSA), ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These methods of diagnostic imaging provide accurate information that was not seen before. Amid this information advancement, radiologists have broadened their role of diagnostician. Gerson writes, â€Å"With the adventRead MoreA Short History of MRI2254 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿What is MRI? Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sophisticated computerized imaging technique, which has been a clinical diagnostic tool since 1980. MRI is used to create images with extraordinary detail of the body or brain by applying nuclear magnetic resonance phenomena. The distribution of hydrogen nuclei (protons), found in cellular water, depends on the tissue type and whether or not the tissue is healthy or diseased. MRI measures and records changes in the magnetic properties of theseRead MoreEssay Magnetic Resonance Imaging927 Words   |  4 PagesMagnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging has the potential of totally replacing computed tomography. If history was rewritten, and CT invented after MRI, nobody would bother to pursue CT. --Philip Drew (Mattson and Simon, 1996) WHAT IT IS Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or commonly known as MRI, is a technique used in medicine for producing images of tissues inside the body. It is an important diagnostic tool because it enables physicians to identify abnormal tissue without openingRead MoreMagnetic Resonance Imaging And The Health Field1926 Words   |  8 Pagesthe advent of magnetic resonance imaging applications in the health field forty years ago the technology has become a staple in hospitals all around the world. Magnetic resonance imaging commonly known to one of the safest forms of attaining pictures of the human anatomy. Although magnetic resonance technology is popular amongst health care providers for decades, until recently, scientists could not get the optimum image of some critical parts of the human anatomy. The magnetic resonance technologyRead MoreThe Risks And Hazards Associated With Risk Reduction And Safety Will Be Discussed2175 Words   |  9 Pagesall imaging modalities. This essay looks at Computed Tomography(CT), Magnetic Resonance Imagine (MRI) and Ultrasound (US), modalities used disease and pathology diagnosis. It will look at the scientific principles. Comparing the risks and hazards associated with each modality when examining pregnant patients. Risk reduction and safety will be discussed. Scientific Principles Computed Tomography CT is cross-sectional image acquisition using the x-ray beam transmission measurements. Unlike MRI andRead MoreWhat Is Magnetic Resonance Imaging?1525 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a magnetic field and beats of radio wave energy to take pictures of organs and structures inside the body. MRI gives distinctive data about structures in the body than can be seen with an X-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan. MRI imaging can also demonstrate issues that can t be seen with other imaging strategies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) works by measuring the way that hydrogen particlesRead MoreThe Physics Of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy1005 Words   |  5 PagesMagnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is an applied form of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Utilizing the naturally occurring magnetic properties of water and hydrogen nuclei, composing between seventy to ninety percent of human tissue, to create detailed images of the human body. With recent technological advances, MRI has become widespread in the medical imaging community, with its function extending past radiology, into the realm of probing body chemistry in vivo, and analyzing brainRead MoreA Brief History Of Medical Imagining And Mri1031 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is an applied form of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). (1). Utilizing the naturally occurring magnetic properties of water and its associated hydrogen nuclei, a molecule composing between seventy to ninety percent of human tissue, detailed images of the human body are created. (1). With recent technological advances, MRI has become widespread in the medical imaging community, with its function extending past radiology, into the realm

Collection Of 24 Stories - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1267 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Canterbury Tales Essay Did you like this example? Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales is a collection of 24 stories written between the years of 1387 and 1400 in Mid-Century England and runs over 17,000 lines. The question is How is Chaucers Canterbury Tales an accurate representation of the middle class in the middle ages? Canterbury Tales is much more than an interesting collection of character and their tales, but a representation of the middle class during the time in which the stories were written. As the church was losing its leading role in the latter half of the 14th century, people started to realize the importance of being in the forthcoming middle class. Chaucers Canterbury Tales is a microcosm of this general public since it exhibits the social divisions known as the Estates, it outlines the development of the white collar class and the decrease of the medieval framework, and it demonstrates the debasement and intensity of the Church, and it epitomizes most parts of the Middle Age. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Collection Of 24 Stories" essay for you Create order Primitive society was generally isolated into three estates, which were generally equal to social classes. The first estate which was the Church, which was composed of the pope, the second estate which was the noble, the king/queen and prince/princess, and the third estate which was the lower class. The harsh division of society into the three estates was starting to separate in late 14th century England, and when the time of Chaucer, there was an increase of the middle class. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer is exceedingly aware of the social divisions known as the Estates While the class of The Canterbury Tales all in all is a casing account, the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales is a case of Bequests Satire, a type which censures the maltreatment that happens inside the three conventional Estates. Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales encapsulates most parts of the Middle Ages, regardless of whether it is an indecent religious minister, poor, idealistic agriculturists, or the good knight. Every one of these characters gives great precedents of the numerous ubiquitous subjects of the Middle Ages. The predominant qualities and topics of the Middle Ages included brutality and vengeance, religion and debasement, and societal position and chain of command. The occasions in which Chaucers The Canterbury Tales is set are wild and are loaded up with anguish, struggle, and general ill will; all things considered, the thoughts of reprisal and hence viciousness are genuinely common. In a considerable number of Chaucers stories, this topic is framed flawlessly. An example towards the end of the Reeves story after the miller finds the researchers injustice. He grabbed Allan by the adams apple, and he, in return, roughly grabbed the miller and hit him on the nose with his fist (Chaucer). On this occasion, not only a simple reflex to fall back on violence is shown, yet brutality is utilized as retribution as the miller assaults Allan after understanding that he has had an affair with his wife. Confirmed by this, violent behaviors were regularly the most widely recognized, and the most suitable reaction. In all of England, violence was seen as something of a way of life Curtis Gruenler, in a literary analysis, states, In England, Curtis Gruenlers life was viewed as a violent way of life, from a literary standpoint, [V]iolence on a large scale held English attention as spectacular victories against the French early in the Hundred Years War were followed by a series of costly, disastrous campaigns (Gruenler). War was a calling of numerous individuals in England including a character of Chaucers, the Knight had battled in no less than 15 fights and had basically worked out his whole job dependent on the fights he was called upon by his ruler to partake in. Generally, viciousness was an all around perceived type of equity and requital something that was unequivocally called attention to in Chaucers accounts. One more subject is the nearness of religion, or all the more particularly, the nearness of defilement inside religion. Numerous individuals from the journey have connections to a religious office, and everything except the Parson has here and there damaged their promises or generally acted to some degree out of their limits as a high positioning individual from the Church. Chaucer shows this carefully as the Pardoners introduction where he states make an offering to my relics in this church [] make an offering in the name of God, I shall absolve them by the authority of which was granted to me by papal bull (Chaucer). Subsequent to telling the pioneers of this trap unmistakably went for taking a decent arrangement of cash, he clarifies, By this trick I have gained a hundred marks year after year since I became a pardoner (Chaucer). The Pardoner isnt, nonetheless, the main improper religious character engaged with the journey. The Friar, for instance, has broken his pledges as an administrative individual from the Church, most unmistakably his promise of virtuousness. The Friar has occupied with connections that have disregarded this promise, and when a youngster comes because of this cooperation, he has ventured to such an extreme as to wed the lady to her darling in order to cover his very own tracks. These parts of chapel defilement in The Canterbury Tales inevitably come down to a craving for joy and cash, something that tormented the authenticity of the Catholic Church and in the long run prompted the religious transformation. Among the characters, a kind of social chain of command turned out to be rapidly obvious amidst these numerous voyagers. A general character developed that isolated the pioneers dependent on their monetary and social standings. There was a fairly expansive differentiation between the most extravagant of the voyagers and the poorest. For instance, the Franklin was a proprietor of a vast home and sumptuous individual products. Despite the fact that he is profoundly in the red, his societal position is still far higher than that of say, the Plowman. The Plowman is one of the poorer individuals from the journey, yet in spite of this, he is one of the sprightlier and beneficent individuals from the journey. This can be viewed as Chaucers methods for communicating his sentiments toward the social chain of the importance of the occasions. Chaucer likewise says something regarding feudalism, the financial arrangement of the time. [Chaucer represents the] feudal arrangement of society [] around the figure of the knight as a conception of nobility, and around the laborer a conception of commonality (Morgan). Chaucer appears to consider feudalism to be a framework that partitions individuals into the well-off nobles and the poor workers. Chaucer likewise appears to perceive the nearness of a white collar class that appears to ascend out of feudalism. For instance, the figure of a vendor who picks up his riches by his own agreement, particularly cash exchanging, and is on the whole free of the primitive framework. The Merchant is portrayed in the general preface as [a] responsible man [who] kept his wits about him [] Nevertheless he was really a worthy man (Chaucer). So, Chaucer saw the social structure of his time and saw certain things he had dissatisfaction with, yet without a doubt, he saw some different parts of it as valuable to the advancement of society. To close, Chaucers showstopper The Canterbury Tales displays numerous common topics and in such a way illustrates the occasions. He does this by discussing viciousness, religious debasement, and social organizing, which were all extremely appropriate bits of society in the time as they all shaped a framework that is thought back on and translated through works of reality and fiction, for example, The Canterbury Tales.

Preferred Education Background for an Accountant Free Essays

An accountant can be defined as any person who carries out accounting task like preparation and presentation of financial reports to the policy makers so that they can make sound decisions, which will enable the organization to achieve its goals. The scope of the accounting work depends entirely on the size of the organization and the individual’s specialization. It is in this interest therefore this paper is written. We will write a custom essay sample on Preferred Education Background for an Accountant or any similar topic only for you Order Now The qualification of an accountant varies from one country to another and individual’s specialization but basically it involves some education background and certification by a recognized body Accounting involves many financial calculations like balancing of sheets and therefore it is inevitable for people who are planning to take a career in accounting to be good and to have interest in mathematics, be analytical to compare and interpret fingers easily. Still to be noted here is the importance of good written and spoken English. Preparation, analysis and presentation of financial reports require one to be good in both written and spoken English. Accountants should be able to clearly communicate their ideas and to air their views clearly to the managers and clients. Another important thing in accounting is the general knowledge in law like the business law as well as good understanding and interpretation of business terminologies. This comes in hardy when an individual is involved in tendering or taking contracts on behalf of the organization. Technology is another requirement, which cannot go unmentioned because of its importance in accounting. Accountants should be very familiar with business systems and office automation systems such as the accounting computer packages. Based on the above discussion, accountant as a career requires a minimum of Bachelors degree in business studies or any other field where the above mentioned areas are taught like statistics. Many companies in the modern society need accountants with Masters Degrees in business administration with specialization in accounting. The state requires all accountants to be certified for them to be recognized. The certified public accountant certificate CPA is issued by the state through the state board of accountancy. Some states in America require accountants to be university graduates while others demand some working experience in the field of accounting. The later seems to have been adopted by many states together with the corresponding curriculum changes and therefore it is important to scrutinize the requirements of the sate in which they are planning to register with. Citification involves four sections of CPA examination in all the states which is set and marked by the American institute of certified public accountants. Passing examination in the four sections is important for one to be certified. Although it is not necessary to pass all the four sections exam at once, many states puts a limit of two exams compounded by considerable experience for them to give you credit. It is important to understand that one cannot proceed to the next section before passing the previous sections. In conclusion therefore, accounting is a dynamic and noble career which requires determined people to succeed. It was pointed out that accounting requires individuals of high integrity, high amplitude in mathematics, good written and spoken English and analytical people. It was also discussed that the minimum qualification is a Bachelors degree in business studies or any other relevant courses. Certification is inevitable and involves passing four exams in the four sections. How to cite Preferred Education Background for an Accountant, Papers

Developmental Disabilities and Aging †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Developmental Disabilities and Aging. Answer: Introduction: Arthritis is one of the most common causes of disability in Australia and osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of arthritis in the nation. This is a serious, painful as well as the potential life altering diseases of joints. This is responsible for limiting the different daily activities as well as the quality of life for over a large number of populations of Australia. Self-reported estimates from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 201415National Health Survey shows that about 2.1 million Australian suffer from this condition. This disorder is mostly common in females in comparison to that of males. 10% of females have osteoarthritis is comparison to that of 6% of males. The prevalence of this disorder increases with age. Although relatively few younger people get affected with this condition, its prevalence rises sharply with age onwards form 45 with the oldest people from 65 onwards are the most affected. This can be represented with the help of a chart provided b y the government (Heller et al., 2014). It is also reported by statistical studies that indigenous people are affected in higher number than the non indigenous people. Moreover it I also found that prevalence of osteoarthritis is not different in major cities, inner regional swell as outer regional and remote areas. There were no significant differences as it showed that Australian who reported the disorders ranged from 7.7% in major cities to that of 9.1% in inner regional areas and 9% in outer regional areas ("Who gets osteoarthritis? (AIHW)", 2017).. Hence, in order to provide a better quality lives for older citizens and also to ensure that they get every scope of aging well, it is extremely important to introduce a health promotion program that will address the disorder in the described cohort. A health promotion program is extensively important in handling the adverse effects that osteoarthritis is having on the patients. The older citizens have very poor quality life as they suffer a lot form the symptoms of the disorder. Older people who are affected with the disorder (7.9%) are 2 to 3 times more likely to say that their health is very poor in comparison to those who are not affected with the disorder (3.5%). They suffer from limitations which are imposed by the osteoarthritis and this lead to self esteem and self image of the older citizens ("How does osteoarthritis affect quality of life? (AIHW)", 2017). Often these lead to negative emotional stress, anxiety, depression and also feelings of different hopelessness Besides, mental turmoils, they also face high level of pain that restrict them for daily activities and also the activities they like to pursue as hobbies. These also prevent them to complete any work on time which destroys their confidence and they suffer fro m lowered self esteem and confidence (Stenberg et al., 2016). Hence, health promotion program will help to address the above mentioned issues and provide interventions in such a way which will help to provide proper guidelines that when followed by the older citizens will help him to age properly and manage their osteoarthritis symptoms (Louew et al., 2014). This will help them to take part in any activities they want and can overcome any challenges and barriers that come in their life style to osteoarthritis pain and symptoms. Four main important strategies should be included in the health promotion program which will in turn help to address every aspect of the disorder and develop a high quality life giving them scope to age well happily and safely. The first strategy that should be incorporated in the health promotion program is providing self management education which would be mainly in the form off nursing home based intervention for such patients. This would help them to understand the main pathophysiology of the disorder and also help to know how their own activities should be modified in a way which would help them to love with the disorders successfully without hampering their wishes and hobbies in lives (Cheung et al., 2016). Secondly, another strategy would be to promote low impact moderate intensity aerobic physical activity along with muscle strengthening exercises that will help them get over many symptoms like inability to mobilize or pain in moving legs knees, arms and others. These will he lp them to conduct light work which will gradually help them to gain confidence and self esteem and can perform certain important works independently helping them to get over emotional turmoil. Their strategy that should also be incorporated is the proper weight management program with introduction of guidelines for intake of quality diet, proper management of calorie levels and maintaining the correct BMI. The lesser the body weight of the patients, lesser will be the sufferings of the older citizens as high weight provides more weight on the joints and hence create more pressure on them making the joints painful (deRezende et al., 2016). The last strategy would be to promote, implement as well as enforce the existing policies and also the interventions which are present so that the older patients can adopt the rules, policies and legislations which will help in the reduction of musco-skeletal injuries, prevention of falls, proper balance training and other form of exercises and ot hers. These would help them to look into the policies and gain knowledge about the dos and donts in osteoarthritis and empower them properly (Chan et al., 2016). Hence all the strategies would help the patients to be more efficient to cope with it and take steps for better quality living. The main aim would be to provide an all round physical and mental development of the patients suffering from the disorder. The main model which will help in the establishment of the health promotion program is the health belief model. The health belief model usually depends on five important action related components. The first step would be the gathering of the information by the conducting of a health assessment and other efforts to determine who is at the risk. In the health promotion program, it would be important to construct an analysis of the older people suffering from osteoarthritis, their numbers, and the intensity of the risks, their prevalence and others (Eyles et al., 2014). The next step would be to convey the consequences of the health issues associated with the disorder in a clear and unambiguous fashion so that the older people can understand the perceived severity. The ill effects of osteoarthritis should be conducted in a fashion so that every of individual becomes aware of the harmful consequences and take necessary steps that will help them to overcome the symptoms and enjoy quality life (Smith-Ray et al., 2014). The third strategy would be to communicate with the target population the important steps which are involved in taking the recommended action and highlight the respective benefits of the action. In this step, all the recommended action mentioned above should be properly communicated with the older people suffering from osteoarthritis along with making them know how they would be benefitted from the actions. The fourth step would be providing them assistance for identification as well as reduction of the barriers to action. This step would mainly include identifying the barriers that older people face when they try to face any actions (Bossen et al., 2013). The last step would be the involvement of demonstrations of actions though the procedures of skill development activities an also providing of support that help in the enhancement of self efficacy as well as likelihood of the successful behavioral changes for overcoming the symptoms of osteoarthritis . The self management education of the older people is the first strategy that will improve access to self management education through nursing home based programs and clinical linkages. Proper partnerships within the different healthcare centers would help in establishment of health literacy education classes in the nursing home outpatient section on weekends where older people may come to develop their literacy knowledge on self management. The resources required will be charts, brochures, leaflets an others which will contain the easy self education guidelines with bright illustrations so that it becomes easier for the older people to gain knowledge about how they can manage their symptoms effectively. The managers will talk with the manageemnt and talk about the financial requirements needed to conduct the program for 8 months every weekend. Financial aid can be wanted from the state government and also from the local governments so that proper programs can be arranged. The next strategy would be the conducting of classes in the outpatient section which would help the older citizens to undertake moderate low impact aerobic fitness trainings and also muscle strengthening exercise. Trainers should be recruited and classes would be arranged in the either hired auditoriums or in the hallroom of the nursing homes every day for one hour for 8 months. The managers would make sure that the trainers conduct the program in a safe manner in a variety of accessible ways and as well as in acceptable formats and settings. 8 trainers would be incorporated in the nursing home based training programs with packaged deal for eight months which would be financed by the local government. The first two months would be free followed by the subscription of minimal charged so that the money can be allocated for maintenance of the resources used in training. The next strategy would be the introduction of weigh management program. The classes will he help by professional dieticians who will be hired in monthly basis for conducing one weight management training classes every weekend in the morning. They would also be conducting personalized appointments so that old people can also meet with them and discus their issues. The weight management classes will be held in outpatient departments for free which would be funded by local government. The personalized appointments will be paid for by old people and will not be sponsored by government. The last recommendation would be to discuss the existing policies and interventions that exist for people suffering from osteoarthritis. All the information should be jotted down properly and made into interesting pamphlets by the organizer of the health promotion program. They should be circulated via post and email so that the community elders can get access and know about the policies that would help them by providing guidelines for management of osteoarthritis. Not much fund would be required and this would be done within the first week of the introduction of the program. Impact evaluation can be done by setting up a monitoring body which will have five professionals who will conduct an analysis of the attendance of the old patients in each of the classes held at the outpatient workshops. The response of acknowledgement of the emails will also help to get an idea. A statistical analysis would be done about the positive response derived from the patients undertaking the classes in order to know the effectivity of the programs. They would also undertake observational studies from each of the classes so that they can develop an idea about the impacts of the strategies on the older people ( Haber. 2013). Outcome evaluation will be done at interval of three months with open ended survey through emails which will help to know how much the patients have been benefitted. Their response and feelings will help to know how much fruitful the program was and what negative aspects need to be modified so that the best results are experienced by them (Eyles et al., 2014). References: Bossen, D., Buskermolen, M., Veenhof, C., de Bakker, D., Dekker, J. (2013). Adherence to a web-based physical activity intervention for patients with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis: a mixed method study.Journal of medical Internet research,15(10). Chan, S. Y., Kuo, C. C., Chen, K. M., Tseng, W. S., Huang, H. T., Li, C. H. (2016). Health promotion outcomes of a newly developed elastic band exercise program for older adults in the community: a pilot test.Journal of Nursing Research,24(2), 137-144. Cheung, C., Wyman, J. F., Savik, K. (2016). Adherence to a yoga program in older women with knee osteoarthritis.Journal of aging and physical activity,24(2), 181-188. de Rezende, M. U., Hissadomi, M. I., de Campos, G. C., Frucchi, R., Pailo, A. F., Pasqualin, T., ... Matos, N. B. D. S. (2016). One-Year results of an educational program on osteoarthritis: A prospective randomized controlled trial in Brazil.Geriatric orthopaedic surgery rehabilitation,7(2), 86-94. Eyles, J. P., Lucas, B. R., Patterson, J. A., Williams, M. J., Weeks, K., Fransen, M., Hunter, D. J. (2014). Does clinical presentation predict response to a nonsurgical chronic disease management program for endstage hip and knee osteoarthritis?.The Journal of rheumatology,41(11), 2223-2231. Haber, D. (2013).Health promotion and aging: Practical applications for health professionals. Springer Publishing Company. Heller, T., Fisher, D., Marks, B., Hsieh, K. (2014). Interventions to promote health: crossing networks of intellectual and developmental disabilities and aging.Disability and health journal,7(1), S24-S32. How does osteoarthritis affect quality of life? (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 30 August 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/osteoarthritis/quality-of-life/ Loew, L., Kenny, G. P., Durand-Bush, N., Poitras, S., Wells, G. A., Brosseau, L. (2014). The Implementation of an Effective Aerobic Walking Program Based on Ottawa Panel Guidelines for Older Individuals with Mild to Moderate Osteoarthritis: A Participant Exercise Preference Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol Design. Smith-Ray, R. L., Fitzgibbon, M. L., Tussing-Humphreys, L., Schiffer, L., Shah, A., Huber, G. M., ... Hughes, S. L. (2014). Fit and Strong! Plus: design of a comparative effectiveness evaluation of a weight management program for older adults with osteoarthritis.Contemporary clinical trials,37(2), 178-188. Stenberg, U., Haaland-verby, M., Fredriksen, K., Westermann, K. F., Kvisvik, T. (2016). A scoping review of the literature on benefits and challenges of participating in patient education programs aimed at promoting self-management for people living with chronic illness.Patient education and counseling,99(11), 1759-1771. Who gets osteoarthritis? (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 30 August 2017, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/osteoarthritis/who-gets-osteoarthritis/