Developmental Disabilities and Aging †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Developmental Disabilities and Aging. Answer: Introduction: Arthritis is one of the most common causes of disability in Australia and osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of arthritis in the nation. This is a serious, painful as well as the potential life altering diseases of joints. This is responsible for limiting the different daily activities as well as the quality of life for over a large number of populations of Australia. Self-reported estimates from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 201415National Health Survey shows that about 2.1 million Australian suffer from this condition. This disorder is mostly common in females in comparison to that of males. 10% of females have osteoarthritis is comparison to that of 6% of males. The prevalence of this disorder increases with age. Although relatively few younger people get affected with this condition, its prevalence rises sharply with age onwards form 45 with the oldest people from 65 onwards are the most affected. This can be represented with the help of a chart provided b y the government (Heller et al., 2014). It is also reported by statistical studies that indigenous people are affected in higher number than the non indigenous people. Moreover it I also found that prevalence of osteoarthritis is not different in major cities, inner regional swell as outer regional and remote areas. There were no significant differences as it showed that Australian who reported the disorders ranged from 7.7% in major cities to that of 9.1% in inner regional areas and 9% in outer regional areas ("Who gets osteoarthritis? (AIHW)", 2017).. Hence, in order to provide a better quality lives for older citizens and also to ensure that they get every scope of aging well, it is extremely important to introduce a health promotion program that will address the disorder in the described cohort. A health promotion program is extensively important in handling the adverse effects that osteoarthritis is having on the patients. The older citizens have very poor quality life as they suffer a lot form the symptoms of the disorder. Older people who are affected with the disorder (7.9%) are 2 to 3 times more likely to say that their health is very poor in comparison to those who are not affected with the disorder (3.5%). They suffer from limitations which are imposed by the osteoarthritis and this lead to self esteem and self image of the older citizens ("How does osteoarthritis affect quality of life? (AIHW)", 2017). Often these lead to negative emotional stress, anxiety, depression and also feelings of different hopelessness Besides, mental turmoils, they also face high level of pain that restrict them for daily activities and also the activities they like to pursue as hobbies. These also prevent them to complete any work on time which destroys their confidence and they suffer fro m lowered self esteem and confidence (Stenberg et al., 2016). Hence, health promotion program will help to address the above mentioned issues and provide interventions in such a way which will help to provide proper guidelines that when followed by the older citizens will help him to age properly and manage their osteoarthritis symptoms (Louew et al., 2014). This will help them to take part in any activities they want and can overcome any challenges and barriers that come in their life style to osteoarthritis pain and symptoms. Four main important strategies should be included in the health promotion program which will in turn help to address every aspect of the disorder and develop a high quality life giving them scope to age well happily and safely. The first strategy that should be incorporated in the health promotion program is providing self management education which would be mainly in the form off nursing home based intervention for such patients. This would help them to understand the main pathophysiology of the disorder and also help to know how their own activities should be modified in a way which would help them to love with the disorders successfully without hampering their wishes and hobbies in lives (Cheung et al., 2016). Secondly, another strategy would be to promote low impact moderate intensity aerobic physical activity along with muscle strengthening exercises that will help them get over many symptoms like inability to mobilize or pain in moving legs knees, arms and others. These will he lp them to conduct light work which will gradually help them to gain confidence and self esteem and can perform certain important works independently helping them to get over emotional turmoil. Their strategy that should also be incorporated is the proper weight management program with introduction of guidelines for intake of quality diet, proper management of calorie levels and maintaining the correct BMI. The lesser the body weight of the patients, lesser will be the sufferings of the older citizens as high weight provides more weight on the joints and hence create more pressure on them making the joints painful (deRezende et al., 2016). The last strategy would be to promote, implement as well as enforce the existing policies and also the interventions which are present so that the older patients can adopt the rules, policies and legislations which will help in the reduction of musco-skeletal injuries, prevention of falls, proper balance training and other form of exercises and ot hers. These would help them to look into the policies and gain knowledge about the dos and donts in osteoarthritis and empower them properly (Chan et al., 2016). Hence all the strategies would help the patients to be more efficient to cope with it and take steps for better quality living. The main aim would be to provide an all round physical and mental development of the patients suffering from the disorder. The main model which will help in the establishment of the health promotion program is the health belief model. The health belief model usually depends on five important action related components. The first step would be the gathering of the information by the conducting of a health assessment and other efforts to determine who is at the risk. In the health promotion program, it would be important to construct an analysis of the older people suffering from osteoarthritis, their numbers, and the intensity of the risks, their prevalence and others (Eyles et al., 2014). The next step would be to convey the consequences of the health issues associated with the disorder in a clear and unambiguous fashion so that the older people can understand the perceived severity. The ill effects of osteoarthritis should be conducted in a fashion so that every of individual becomes aware of the harmful consequences and take necessary steps that will help them to overcome the symptoms and enjoy quality life (Smith-Ray et al., 2014). The third strategy would be to communicate with the target population the important steps which are involved in taking the recommended action and highlight the respective benefits of the action. In this step, all the recommended action mentioned above should be properly communicated with the older people suffering from osteoarthritis along with making them know how they would be benefitted from the actions. The fourth step would be providing them assistance for identification as well as reduction of the barriers to action. This step would mainly include identifying the barriers that older people face when they try to face any actions (Bossen et al., 2013). The last step would be the involvement of demonstrations of actions though the procedures of skill development activities an also providing of support that help in the enhancement of self efficacy as well as likelihood of the successful behavioral changes for overcoming the symptoms of osteoarthritis . The self management education of the older people is the first strategy that will improve access to self management education through nursing home based programs and clinical linkages. Proper partnerships within the different healthcare centers would help in establishment of health literacy education classes in the nursing home outpatient section on weekends where older people may come to develop their literacy knowledge on self management. The resources required will be charts, brochures, leaflets an others which will contain the easy self education guidelines with bright illustrations so that it becomes easier for the older people to gain knowledge about how they can manage their symptoms effectively. The managers will talk with the manageemnt and talk about the financial requirements needed to conduct the program for 8 months every weekend. Financial aid can be wanted from the state government and also from the local governments so that proper programs can be arranged. The next strategy would be the conducting of classes in the outpatient section which would help the older citizens to undertake moderate low impact aerobic fitness trainings and also muscle strengthening exercise. Trainers should be recruited and classes would be arranged in the either hired auditoriums or in the hallroom of the nursing homes every day for one hour for 8 months. The managers would make sure that the trainers conduct the program in a safe manner in a variety of accessible ways and as well as in acceptable formats and settings. 8 trainers would be incorporated in the nursing home based training programs with packaged deal for eight months which would be financed by the local government. The first two months would be free followed by the subscription of minimal charged so that the money can be allocated for maintenance of the resources used in training. The next strategy would be the introduction of weigh management program. The classes will he help by professional dieticians who will be hired in monthly basis for conducing one weight management training classes every weekend in the morning. They would also be conducting personalized appointments so that old people can also meet with them and discus their issues. The weight management classes will be held in outpatient departments for free which would be funded by local government. The personalized appointments will be paid for by old people and will not be sponsored by government. The last recommendation would be to discuss the existing policies and interventions that exist for people suffering from osteoarthritis. All the information should be jotted down properly and made into interesting pamphlets by the organizer of the health promotion program. They should be circulated via post and email so that the community elders can get access and know about the policies that would help them by providing guidelines for management of osteoarthritis. Not much fund would be required and this would be done within the first week of the introduction of the program. Impact evaluation can be done by setting up a monitoring body which will have five professionals who will conduct an analysis of the attendance of the old patients in each of the classes held at the outpatient workshops. The response of acknowledgement of the emails will also help to get an idea. A statistical analysis would be done about the positive response derived from the patients undertaking the classes in order to know the effectivity of the programs. They would also undertake observational studies from each of the classes so that they can develop an idea about the impacts of the strategies on the older people ( Haber. 2013). Outcome evaluation will be done at interval of three months with open ended survey through emails which will help to know how much the patients have been benefitted. Their response and feelings will help to know how much fruitful the program was and what negative aspects need to be modified so that the best results are experienced by them (Eyles et al., 2014). References: Bossen, D., Buskermolen, M., Veenhof, C., de Bakker, D., Dekker, J. (2013). Adherence to a web-based physical activity intervention for patients with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis: a mixed method study.Journal of medical Internet research,15(10). Chan, S. Y., Kuo, C. C., Chen, K. M., Tseng, W. S., Huang, H. T., Li, C. H. (2016). Health promotion outcomes of a newly developed elastic band exercise program for older adults in the community: a pilot test.Journal of Nursing Research,24(2), 137-144. Cheung, C., Wyman, J. F., Savik, K. (2016). Adherence to a yoga program in older women with knee osteoarthritis.Journal of aging and physical activity,24(2), 181-188. de Rezende, M. U., Hissadomi, M. I., de Campos, G. C., Frucchi, R., Pailo, A. F., Pasqualin, T., ... Matos, N. B. D. S. 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P., Durand-Bush, N., Poitras, S., Wells, G. A., Brosseau, L. (2014). The Implementation of an Effective Aerobic Walking Program Based on Ottawa Panel Guidelines for Older Individuals with Mild to Moderate Osteoarthritis: A Participant Exercise Preference Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol Design. Smith-Ray, R. L., Fitzgibbon, M. L., Tussing-Humphreys, L., Schiffer, L., Shah, A., Huber, G. M., ... Hughes, S. L. (2014). Fit and Strong! Plus: design of a comparative effectiveness evaluation of a weight management program for older adults with osteoarthritis.Contemporary clinical trials,37(2), 178-188. Stenberg, U., Haaland-verby, M., Fredriksen, K., Westermann, K. F., Kvisvik, T. (2016). A scoping review of the literature on benefits and challenges of participating in patient education programs aimed at promoting self-management for people living with chronic illness.Patient education and counseling,99(11), 1759-1771. Who gets osteoarthritis? (AIHW). (2017).Aihw.gov.au. 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